exam tips

Exam Tip #1

Wake up early so that you do not need to rush through having breakfast and getting ready.

Exam Tip #2

Check the venue and time of the exam to make sure that you have not confused the day/time/venue.

Exam Tip #3

Have a balanced breakfast and eat nothing risky (probably not the best day to have a super-hot curry!). Bananas are always a good option.

Exam Tip #4

Before leaving home, check that you have everything that you will need – ID, stationery, map to the exam venue, etc.

Exam Tip #5

Head to the exam with plenty of time. A lot of unexpected events can happen on your way there and you do not want to be late!

Exam Tip #6

If there are people around who are panicking, avoid them. They are not doing you any favour!

Exam Tip #7

Go to the toilet before the exam starts. Exams can be quite long and there is no time to waste.

Exam Tip #8

Remember to write your name on the exam paper. You would not believe how many people have forgotten to do it!

Exam Tip #9

Read all the questions carefully before starting and quickly plan how much time to allocate to each.

Exam Tip #10

Start answering the questions that you feel most confident about. There is no need to answer the questions in order.

Exam Tip #11

If your brain freezes, just start writing anything and you will soon start remembering more details.

Exam Tip #12

Don’t spend more time than you planned on a particular section/question or you might run out of time to answer other questions and gain those extra marks! Also,  leave any questions that you are unsure about for the end.

Exam Tip #13

Don’t be afraid to ask the examiner if you are not clear on a question.

Exam Tip #14

Use every minute of the exam and if you have time left, review your answers before handing back the paper.

Exam Tip #15

Stay calm, you have done your homework and have nothing to fear!

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cell division

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.^[1] Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis),^[2] and a reductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half, to produce haploidgametes (meiosis). Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions: homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division, and sister chromatids are separated in the second division.^[3] Both of these cell division cycles are in sexually reproducing organisms at some point in their life cycle, and both are believed to be present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor^[4]Prokaryotes also undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic material is segregated equally into two daughter cells. All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication.

For simple unicellular organisms^{[Note 1]} such as the amoeba, one cell division is equivalent to reproduction – an entire new organism is created. On a larger scale, mitotic cell division can create progeny from multicellular organisms, such as plants that grow from cuttings. Cell division also enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself was produced by cell division from gametes. And after growth, cell division allows for continual construction and repair of the organism.^[5] A human being's body experiences about 10 quadrillion cell divisions in a lifetime.^[6]

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MOST WATCHED NEWS ON GOOGLE

Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014)^[7] was an American actor and comedian. Starting as a stand-up comedian in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the mid-1970s, he is credited with leading San Francisco's comedy renaissance.^[8]After rising to fame as Mork in the sitcom Mork & Mindy (1978–82), he went on to establish a career in both stand-up comedy and feature film acting. He was known for his improvisational skills.^[9][10]

After his film debut in the musical comedy Popeye (1980), he starred or co-starred in widely acclaimed films, including the comedy-drama The World According to Garp (1982), war comedy Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), dramas Dead Poets Society (1989) andAwakenings (1990), comedy-drama The Fisher King (1991), animated musical fantasy Aladdin (1992), drama Good Will Hunting(1997), and psychological thriller One Hour Photo (2002), as well as financial successes such as the fantasy adventure film Hook(1991), comedy Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), fantasy adventure Jumanji (1995), comedy The Birdcage (1996), and fantasy adventure-comedy Night at the Museum (2006).

In 1998, Williams won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Dr. Sean Maguire in Good Will Hunting. He also received two Primetime Emmy Awards, six Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and four Grammy Awards throughout his career.

On August 11, 2014, after a long history of depression,^[11] Williams committed suicide at his home in Paradise Cay, California. He had just been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.^[12]

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AMAZING FCTS ABOUT FACEBOOK

Of course, it hasn’t always been smooth sailing for the social media site.

Founder Mark Zuckerberg was accused of stealing the idea and has earned a reputation for being able to flawlessly fire people. It’s also been estimated that scammers can earn $200 million per year on Facebook. And, companies have sold user profiles along with some instances of human trafficking and extortion.

Even the future of Facebook is in doubt. A study through Princeton University discovered that the site may lose around 80% of its users over the next three years. There was another recent study that found between January 2011 and January 2014, Facebook lost over 3 million users in the age 13 to 17 year old demographic.

However, it’s not all doom and gloom for Facebook. As of today, the site remains one of the most popular in the world. In fact, Alexa has ranked Facebook second in its Top 500 Global Sites right behind search engine powerhouse Google.

So, in honor of Facebook’s decade-long dominance, here are 25 things that you should know about the social network.

1. In 2007, Facebook underwent a major homepage redesign which replaced a man’s partly obscured face behind a cloud of binary code. But, who was the mystery “Facebook guy”? David Kirkpatrick revealed in his book The Facebook Effect that the image is actually a manipulated photo of legendary actor Al Pacino. The effect was created by a friend and classmate of Mark Zuckerberg.
2. During Facebook’s first summer, the Zuckerberg family spent $85,000 to keep the company afloat. As of September 2013, Mark Zuckerberg is worth $19 billion.
3. When Facebook began selling stock to the public and trading on the NASDAQ on May 18, 2012, its shares were priced at $38, which meant the company was valued at over $100 billion. It also meant that Facebook was worth more than eBay, Yahoo, Groupon, LinkedIn, Netflix, IAC, AOL, Zynga and Pandora… combined.
4. Facebook’s first corporate partnerships, launched May 2006, were Apple and Microsoft along with Intel, EA and Amazon. Some of the other early partnerships also included Accenture, Gap, Intuit, Pepsi, PricewaterhouseCoopers and the non-profit organization Teach for America. Everyone else had to wait until September 2006 to join Facebook.
5. Napster co-founder Sean Parker transitioned Facebook from a college project into an actual company. As dramatized in the 2010 film The Social Network, Parker changed the site’s name from Thefacebook.com by acquiring the domain Facebook.com for $200,000. Furthermore, it was Parker who insisted that the site add its most popular feature: photo sharing.
6. Who’s on Facebook? 42% of users are male, however, the site is more gender neutral than Pinterest and Google +. About 75% of all U.S. Internet users have had some sort of college education. 73% of users in the U.S. have incomes above $75,000 (compared to 17% on Twitter, and 13% on Pinterest).
7. The most checked-in locations in the U.S. during 2013, excluding transportation hubs, were: Disneyland & Disney California Adventure, Anaheim, Calif.; Times Square, New York City; Epcot Center, Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, Fla.; Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles; AT&T Park, San Francisco; Rangers Ballpark, Arlington, Texas; Universal Studios Hollywood, Universal City, Calif.; Fenway Park, Boston; MGM Grand Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas; Houston Livestock Show & Rodeo, Houston.
8. As of September, 2013 the percentage of 15-34 year olds on Facebook are 66%. Interestingly, 45% of internet users who are 65 years or older are also on Facebook. And, don’t be embarrassed if you’re Facebook friends with your parents; 70% of users are friends with their parents.
9. Every morning when they wake up, 48% of 18-34 year olds check their Facebook account. 28% of that demographic actually check Facebook before they even get out of bed.
10. Users are exposed to 1500 pieces of potential content every day.
11. Approximately 7.5 million sites contain the the Facebook Like or Share Buttons.
12. California is the most social state with 15,267,160 users. That means 41% of the state’s population is in Facebook. Texas is second with 9 million users and New York comes in at third with 8 million.
13. In the United States, the five most popular brands on Facebook are: Walmart, Target, Amazon, Samsung Mobile USA and Subway.
14. Despite being blocked, there are roughly 95 million Facebook users in China.
15. Approximately 86% of their daily active users are outside the U.S. and Canada, with 29% logging in from Asian countries.
16. There are 70 different languages available for users on Facebook.
17. In 2013, the Super Bowl was the most talked about topic in the United States. Globally, the most talked about topic was Pope Francis.
18. The average person spends between 18 and 20 minutes viewing their Facebook account. If you combine every user, that what would be around 20 billion minutes!
19. Originally, engineers wanted to call the “Like” button the “Awesome” button.
20. Every 20 minutes on Facebook 1 million links are shared, 2 million friends are requested and 3 million messages are sent.
21. The most common life event added for users in 2013 was: Relationship/Got Engaged/Got Married. This was followed by Traveled, Moved, Ended a Relationship and First Met a Friend.
22. Between 2012 and 2013, there was an increase in Facebook users by 22%.
23. Ever since Facebook launched there have been a 150 billion friend connections, 1.13 trillion likes and 250 billion photos uploaded.
24. On a daily basis there are 350 million photos uploaded, 4.5 billion likes, 10 billion messages sent and 22 billion times that the Like or Share buttons are viewed.
25. Total monthly users: 1,310,000,000 with 680 million of them on mobile devices.
    

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gravitational force

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.^{[note 1]} This is a general physical law derived from empirical observations by what Isaac Newton called induction.^[2] It is a part of classical mechanicsand was formulated in Newton's work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("the Principia"), first published on 5 July 1687. (When Newton's book was presented in 1686 to the Royal Society, Robert Hooke made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him; see the History section below.)

In modern language, the law states: Every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force pointing along the lineintersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.^[3] The first test of Newton's theory of gravitation between masses in the laboratory was the Cavendish experiment conducted by the British scientist Henry Cavendish in 1798.^[4] It took place 111 years after the publication of Newton'sPrincipia and 71 years after his death.

Newton's law of gravitation resembles Coulomb's law of electrical forces, which is used to calculate the magnitude of electrical force arising between two charged bodies. Both are inverse-square laws, where force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies. Coulomb's law has the product of two charges in place of the product of the masses, and theelectrostatic constant in place of the gravitational constant

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